ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Paper Code:

ENV 501

10.00

Unit I:

Introduction, Scope and Importance of Toxicology

Definition
Principle Divisions and Branches
Scope and importance

10.00

Unit II:

Basic concept of Toxicology

Dose of Toxicants
Effect and response –(acute effects, chronic effects, reversible and irreversible effects and local and systemic effects)
Dose response relationship – (graded and quantal response)
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Basic concept)
Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotics

9.00

Unit III:

Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment

Sources of Toxicants to the Environment
Transport Processes
- Advection
- Diffusion
Transformation Processes
- Reversible Reactions (Ionization, Precipitation and Dissolution, Complexation and Chemical Speciation)
- Irreversible Reactions (Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Oxidation-Reduction reactions, Biotransformations)

Unit IV:

Toxicity of Metals

Sources and toxic effects on humans of
- Arsenic
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Mercury
Toxicity of Pesticides: Organochlorines and Organophosphates

8.00

Unit V:

Food Additives and Contaminants

Incidental or indirect additives
Intentional or direct additives
- Antioxidants
- Emulsifiers
- Flavouring Agents
- Colour and preservatives
Food Toxins
- Microbial toxins-algal, fungal and bacterial toxins
- Plant toxins

Essential Readings:

· Casarett, & Doull’s. (2008). Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons (7th Ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
· Helferich, W., & Winter, C. K. (2001). Food Toxicology. Crc Press.
· Hodgson, E. (2010). A Textbook Of Modern Toxicology. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
· Pandey, K., Shukla, J. P., & Trivedi, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals Of Toxicology. New Central Book Agency.
· Sharma, P. (2005). Environmental Biology And Toxicology. Meerut: Rastogi Publication.
· Shaw, I., & Chadwick, J. ( 1998). Prinicples Of Environmental Toxicology. Taylor & Francis Ltd.
· Wright, D. A., & Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Academic Year: