Environmental Toxicology

Paper Code: 
ENV 501
Credits: 
3
Contact Hours: 
45.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
8.00
Unit I: 
Introduction, Scope and Importance of Toxicology
 

 

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • Principle Divisions and Branches
  • Scope and importance 
10.00
Unit II: 
Basic concept of Toxicology
  • Dose of Toxicants
  • Effect and response –(acute effects, chronic effects, reversible and irreversible effects and local and systemic effects)
  • Dose response relationship – (graded and quantal response)
  • Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Basic concept)
  • Bioaccumulation of xenobiotics
10.00
Unit III: 
Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment

       ·         Sources of Toxicants to the Environment

·         Transport Processes

o   Advection

o   Diffusion

·         Transformation Processes

o   Reversible Reactions (Ionization, Precipitation and Dissolution, Complexation and Chemical Speciation)

o   Irreversible Reactions (Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Oxidation-Reduction reactions, Biotransformations)

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Toxicity of Metals

  • ·       Sources and toxic effects on humans of

                      -Arsenic

                      - Lead

                      -Cadmium

                      -Mercury

  • Toxicity of Pesticides: Organochlorines and Organophosphates

8.00
Unit V: 
Toxicity of Food Additives
  •       Definition
  •       Incidental or indirect additives
  •       Intentional or direct additives

                   -Antioxidants

                   -Emulsifiers

                   -Flavouring Agents

                   -Colour and preservatives

  • ·         Food Toxins

o   Microbial toxins-algal, fungal and bacterial toxins

o   Plant toxins

Essential Readings: 
  1.  Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001, Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumabai, 1196p
  2. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
  3. Casserett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic source of Poisons. (VI Edition)
  4. Gleick, H.P. 1993. Water in Crisis, Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Institute Oxford Univ. Press.
  5. Study Material (Handbooks) of Sikkim Manipal University for Science Health and Technology for the Degree of Post Graduation in Ecology and Environment
  6. Smith, Keith (1996) Environmental Hazards- Assessing risk and reducing disaster, 2nd Edition, London & New York.
  7. Wisnr B., Adams, J. (Ed.) (2002) WHOEnvironmental Health in Emergencies and Disaster- A practical guide, World Health Organisations.
  8. Conner, David (1994) Managing the environment with rapid Industrialisation- Lessions from the East Asian Experience, OECD, Paris.
  9. Khanna, Gopesh Nath (1990) Environment Problems and the United Nations, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi.
  10. Sharma P.D., Environmental Biology and Toxicology, Meerut: Rastogi Publications
  11. Study Material (Handbooks) of Sikkim Manipal University for Science Health and Technology for the Degree of Post Graduation in Ecology and Environment
  12. Sharma,B.K. Environmental Chemistry. Meerut publication
  13. Pandey, Shukla, Trivedi, Fundamentals of Toxicology. New Central book agency
     
Academic Year: 
2018-2019
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