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Research Methodology and Special Skills
Paper Code:
LSC 141
Credits:
4
Contact Hours:
60.00
Max. Marks:
100.00
12.00
Unit I:
Introduction to Research
- Research: Meaning, Definition, Methodology, research processes, criteria of good research.
- Types of research: Fundamental or basic, applied, Historical, descriptive, analytical, qualitative, quantitative, experimental, conceptual, case study.
- Research design: Meaning, concepts, need, designs for different types of research.
- Research problem and developing research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem.
- Literature search: reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
- Defining concepts: objectives, basic assumptions delimitations and limitations of the problem, statement of hypothesis.
12.00
Unit II:
Variables
- Variables: independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
- Sampling: Meaning, characteristics of good sample design, steps in sample design ,types and advantages.
- Techniques of data collection:primary data; Questionnaire, schedules, interview, observation and other methodsSecondary data: Reliability ,suitability and adequacy of data
- Processing and analysis of data : Processing operations :editing, coding, classification and tabulation of data, role of statistics in data analysis, statistical tables.
- Report writing: types, format
12.00
Unit III:
Theory of Probability
- Theory of probability: Probability sampling. Simple, random, systematic random sampling. Two stage and multistage sampling. Cluster sampling, Non probability sampling: purposive, quota an volunteer sampling, snow ball sampling.
- Common distribution function: binomial probability distribution ,Poisson distribution and normal distribution curve.
- Standard deviation, Standard error
- Test of significance: t-test, chi-test, ANOVA, F-test,
12.00
Unit IV:
Microscopy
- Microscopy: Light, dark field, phase contrast, interference, polarization, florescence, transmission and scanning electron microscope, Confocal, Deconvolution.
- Separation Techniques:
- Chromatography - Thin layer chromatography, absorption column chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, Size exclusion Chromatography
- Electrophoresis : SDS-PAGE, Agarose Gels, Electrofocusing, Capillary.
- Centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation, zonal and isopycnic separation (Brief account).
- Modern tools for inventory, monitoring and conservation of biodiversity: GIS and GPS.
12.00
Unit V:
Spectrophotometry
- Spectrophotometry: Colorimetry, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Flame emission spectroscopy.
- P.C.R. and Types
- Inverse PCR
- Anchored PCR.
- PCR for site directed mutagenesis.
- Cloning and expression of the PCR product.
- Asymmetric PCR for DNA sequencing.
Essential Readings:
- Plant Biotechnology, Hammond, P. McGarvey and V. Yusibov (Editors.) Springer Verlag, 2000.
- Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food ingredients. J. Fu, G. Singh, and W.R. Curtis (Editors), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.1999.
- Advanced Methods in Plant Biotechnology, David. R. Murray: Panima Publishing Corporation. 1996
- Plant Tissue Culture – Techniques & Experiments, (2nd edition) Roberta. H. Smith. Elsevier. 2000
- Plant Molecular Biology – A Practical Approach. C. H. Shaw, IRL Press Ltd.
- Molecular plant Biology- volume 1 & 2. Philip M. Gilmartin and Chris Bowler, Oxford University Press. 2005
- Plant Tissue Culture. S.S. Bhojwani and M.K Razdan, Elsevier. 2004
- Biotechnology in Crop improvement, H.S. Chawla, International Book Distributing Company, 1998.
- Practical Application of plant Molecular Biology, R.J. Henry, Chapman
Academic Year:
