Environmental Toxicology

Paper Code:

25ENV 322

Credits:

Contact Hours:

4.00

Max. Marks:

100.00

Objective:

This course will enable the students to -

Provide an insight into environmental toxicology, including the major classes of toxicants in the environment, their fate in the environment, their disposition in organisms, and their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity.
Assemble knowledge of environmental toxicology for conducting applied research for the betterment of the human race

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, the student will:

CO74: Develop knowledge about the various toxicants their movement and chemical conversion in the ecosystem

CO75: Examine the sources of toxicants in the environment and their life cycle

CO76: Interrelate the chemical mechanism of toxicants with different systems of the human body

CO77: Examine the chemical processes occurring and the fate of toxicants in the human body

CO78: Design monitoring programmes for a wide range of Environmental toxicants

CO79: Contribute effectively to course-specific interaction

12.00

Unit I:

Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology

UNIT I: (12 hours)

· Introduction to Environmental and Ecotoxicology

· Definition of Toxicology

· Branches of Toxicology

· Scope and Importance of Toxicology

Goals of toxicology

12.00

Unit II:

Dose and Toxicity

Dose of Toxicants
Effect and Response (Acute effects, Chronic effects, Reversible and Irreversible effects and Local and Systemic effects)
Dose-Response Relationship (Graded and Quantal Response)
Time action curves
Toxicants and toxicity
Factors that affect the environmental concentration of toxicants

12.00

Unit III:

Toxicants of Public Health Hazards

Toxicology of Pesticides – (Types; Effects on Human Health).
Toxicology of Heavy Metals - Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury- (Sources and Emissions and Harmful Effects on Human Health)
Toxicology of Radioactive Substances – (Types and Biological Effects on animals – Somatic and Genetic effects).

12.00

Unit IV:

Translocation of Xenobiotics

Basic concept of Translocation
Absorption
Biotransformation (Phase I and Phase II reactions)
Excretion of Xenobiotics.

12.00

Unit V:

Biomagnification and Biomonitoring of Toxic Chemicals

Definition of Biomagnification and Biomonitoring
Biomagnification of:
- Pesticides
- Metals
- Radioactive substances
Objectives of Biomonitoring
Bioindicators and Environmental Monitoring
Bioassay and its applications in Toxicology

Essential Readings:

ESSENTIAL READING

Casarett, & Doull’s. (2008). Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sharma, P. (2005). Environmental Biology And Toxicology. Meerut: Rastogi Publication.
Shaw, I., & Chadwick, J. ( 1998). Principles Of Environmental Toxicology. Taylor & Francis Ltd.Wright, D. A., & Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hodgson, E. (2010). A Textbook Of Modern Toxicology. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pandey, K., Shukla, J. P., & Trivedi, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals Of Toxicology. New Central Book Agency.

SUGGESTED READING

Helferich, W., & Winter, C. K. (2001). Food Toxicology. CRC Press.
Hughes, W.W(1196)ESSENTIALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY: The Effects of Environmentally Hazardous Substances on Human Health.Taylor & Francis.
Roberts, S.M., James,R.C. and. Williams,P.L(2015) Principles of Toxicology Environmental and Industrial Applications. Wiley publications

References:

e-RESOURCES

o Basics of Toxicology

http://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c09/e4-12.pdf

o Introduction to toxicology https://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2003/action3/docs/2003_3_09_a21_en.pdf

o Branches of toxicology

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/training/toxmanual/modules/1/lecturenotes.html

o Absorption of toxicants

https://nature.berkeley.edu/~dnomura/pdf/Lecture2AbsorptionDistribution.pdf

o Biomonitoring of Pollutants

http://www.nbrienvis.nic.in/Database/1_2019.aspx

o Toxicity of pesticides