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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Paper Code:
ENV 501
Credits:
3
Contact Hours:
45.00
Max. Marks:
100.00
7.00
Unit I:
Introduction, Scope and Importance of Toxicology
- Areas and Branches of toxicology
- Scope and importance
- Types of toxicants
- Molecular and biochemical effects of toxicants
10.00
Unit II:
Basic concept of Toxicology
- Dose of Toxicants
- Effect and response –(acute effects, chronic effects, reversible and irreversible effects and local and systemic effects)
- Dose response relationship – (graded and quantal response)
- Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Basic concept)
- Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotics
10.00
Unit III:
Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment
- Sources of Toxicants to the Environment
- Transport Processes
- Advection
- Diffusion
- Transformation Processes
- Reversible Reactions (Ionization, Precipitation and Dissolution, Complexation and Chemical Speciation)
- Irreversible Reactions (Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Oxidation-Reduction reactions, Biotransformations)
9.00
Unit IV:
Toxicity of Metals
- Sources and toxic effects on humans of
- Arsenic
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Mercury
- Toxicity of Pesticides: Organochlorines and Organophosphates Insecticides
9.00
Unit V:
Food Additives and Contaminants
- Incidental or indirect additives
- Intentional or direct additives
- Antioxidants
- Emulsifiers
- Flavouring Agents
- Colour and preservatives
- Food Toxins
- Microbial toxins-algal, fungal and bacterial toxins
- Plant toxins
Essential Readings:
· Casarett, & Doull’s. (2008). Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons (7th Ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
· Helferich, W., & Winter, C. K. (2001). Food Toxicology. Crc Press.
· Hodgson, E. (2010). A Textbook Of Modern Toxicology. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
· Pandey, K., Shukla, J. P., & Trivedi, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals Of Toxicology. New Central Book Agency.
· Sharma, P. (2005). Environmental Biology And Toxicology. Meerut: Rastogi Publication.
· Shaw, I., & Chadwick, J. ( 1998). Prinicples Of Environmental Toxicology. Taylor & Francis Ltd.
· Wright, D. A., & Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Academic Year:
